The risk of cardiovascular disease increases with which condition?

The correct choice highlights how prolonged hypertension, or consistently high blood pressure, contributes significantly to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Chronic hypertension places strain on the heart and blood vessels, which can lead to damage over time. This damage increases the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular issues. The mechanisms involve various factors, including increased workload on the heart, changes to blood vessel walls, and possible development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

In contrast, conditions like normal blood pressure and regular physical activity promote cardiovascular health and are not associated with increased risk. Elevated body mass index (BMI) can also be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it primarily acts as a predisposition when combined with other factors, such as physical inactivity or poor diet. Prolonged hypertension directly impacts the cardiovascular system and serves as a strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.