Which condition primarily affects the macula?

Macular degeneration primarily affects the macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision required for activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces. This condition involves the deterioration of the macula, leading to vision loss and distortion. There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. The dry form is characterized by the slow breakdown of cells in the macula, while the wet form, which is less common, involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina that can leak fluid and cause rapid damage.

Cataracts, on the other hand, affect the lens of the eye, leading to clouded vision. Glaucoma involves increased pressure within the eye that can damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to vision loss, but it does not specifically target the macula. Retinopathy generally refers to damage to the retina, commonly associated with diabetes, and while it can affect various parts of the retina, including the macula, it does not specifically target it as a primary condition.

Therefore, macular degeneration is the only condition listed that directly affects the macula, highlighting its significance in the context of vision health.